WEBVTT 00:00:02.636 --> 00:00:04.771 Some of the world's most amazing animals 00:00:04.771 --> 00:00:07.107 are in danger of disappearing forever. 00:00:09.309 --> 00:00:12.379 But through the efforts of zoos and conservation groups, 00:00:12.379 --> 00:00:14.648 many species, like clouded leopards, 00:00:14.648 --> 00:00:17.117 are hanging on. 00:00:17.117 --> 00:00:19.253 Some, like the southern white rhino, 00:00:19.253 --> 00:00:21.755 have even been brought back from the edge of extinction. 00:00:21.755 --> 00:00:32.699 (♪♪♪) 00:00:38.572 --> 00:00:40.274 There was quite a stir at the Newquay Zoo, 00:00:40.274 --> 00:00:42.709 in Cornwall England, 00:00:42.709 --> 00:00:44.778 when this red panda cub was about to be born. 00:00:47.281 --> 00:00:49.816 The expecting mother, Sandy, was nowhere to be seen. 00:00:52.552 --> 00:00:54.187 She'd disappeared for several days 00:00:54.187 --> 00:00:56.323 and everybody had their fingers crossed. 00:00:56.323 --> 00:00:57.824 So we were just waiting for the sound 00:00:57.824 --> 00:01:01.228 and then when the keeper came up and said, "I can hear a squeak." 00:01:01.228 --> 00:01:04.264 So, fantastic, we want to hear the second squeak the next day 00:01:04.264 --> 00:01:05.399 to make sure. 00:01:05.399 --> 00:01:07.534 But huge excitement in the zoo as soon as we realized 00:01:07.534 --> 00:01:08.669 we had our first ever baby panda. 00:01:11.338 --> 00:01:14.141 Even though they couldn't see what was happening, 00:01:14.141 --> 00:01:15.676 the keepers were listening. 00:01:17.744 --> 00:01:19.713 Ho, as they called the new born cub, 00:01:19.713 --> 00:01:22.716 had finally arrived. 00:01:22.716 --> 00:01:26.486 But he was born in an unexpected place. 00:01:26.486 --> 00:01:27.554 Keepers had assumed 00:01:27.554 --> 00:01:29.856 that his mom would climb into an elevated nest box 00:01:29.856 --> 00:01:31.825 to give birth, 00:01:31.825 --> 00:01:33.593 similar to how a female in the wild 00:01:33.593 --> 00:01:36.630 would climb into a tree. 00:01:36.630 --> 00:01:39.666 That didn't happen. 00:01:39.666 --> 00:01:43.403 The weather had something to do with that. 00:01:43.403 --> 00:01:45.372 In Europe it can get quite warm in the middle of summer 00:01:45.372 --> 00:01:46.707 and that's a problem for red pandas 00:01:46.707 --> 00:01:49.576 because they come from very much a colder climate. 00:01:49.576 --> 00:01:52.212 So mom actually gave birth underground 00:01:52.212 --> 00:01:55.649 because it was cooler down there. 00:01:55.649 --> 00:01:58.251 Ho's now 4 months old. 00:01:58.251 --> 00:02:02.255 His arrival was a big deal for many reasons. 00:02:02.255 --> 00:02:03.457 First of all, 00:02:03.457 --> 00:02:06.460 the zoo had unsuccessfully tried to breed a red panda cub 00:02:06.460 --> 00:02:09.629 for 9 years. 00:02:09.629 --> 00:02:13.633 Second, it's very difficult for red pandas to get pregnant, 00:02:13.633 --> 00:02:15.369 because females are able to conceive 00:02:15.369 --> 00:02:18.672 just one day out of a year. 00:02:18.672 --> 00:02:20.107 Ho is also a star 00:02:20.107 --> 00:02:23.310 because red pandas are an endangered species, 00:02:23.310 --> 00:02:25.512 and he's the end result of a worldwide effort 00:02:25.512 --> 00:02:29.683 to preserve these animals. 00:02:29.683 --> 00:02:32.185 It's believed that there are only 10,000 or so 00:02:32.185 --> 00:02:33.787 red pandas left in the wild. 00:02:35.789 --> 00:02:37.090 Part of the reason for that 00:02:37.090 --> 00:02:41.561 is how rarely these animals breed. 00:02:41.561 --> 00:02:43.697 But another is that their habitat, 00:02:43.697 --> 00:02:45.432 the cool, mountainous forests 00:02:45.432 --> 00:02:47.834 that stretch from the Himalayas into Southern China, 00:02:47.834 --> 00:02:49.503 is being cut down. 00:02:49.503 --> 00:02:56.810 (♪♪♪) 00:02:56.810 --> 00:02:59.212 There is some good news. 00:02:59.212 --> 00:03:00.447 Red pandas in the wild 00:03:00.447 --> 00:03:03.550 are getting some help from their neighbors. 00:03:03.550 --> 00:03:04.818 The areas where they live, 00:03:04.818 --> 00:03:06.486 certain parts of the areas where they live, 00:03:06.486 --> 00:03:08.622 they overlap with giant pandas. 00:03:08.622 --> 00:03:09.756 But the conservation efforts in the wild 00:03:09.756 --> 00:03:12.426 are being concentrated in those areas. 00:03:12.426 --> 00:03:13.360 The government of China 00:03:13.360 --> 00:03:15.595 is trying to save their national treasure, 00:03:15.595 --> 00:03:18.331 the giant panda. 00:03:18.331 --> 00:03:21.668 And because they share much of the same habitat, 00:03:21.668 --> 00:03:25.072 red pandas are being protected by default. 00:03:25.072 --> 00:03:26.306 Two species, 00:03:26.306 --> 00:03:29.376 both threatened in the wild, both solitary, 00:03:29.376 --> 00:03:32.546 and definitely both adorable. 00:03:32.546 --> 00:03:35.549 The word panda translates to "bamboo-eater", 00:03:35.549 --> 00:03:38.819 which both of these animals love. 00:03:38.819 --> 00:03:40.020 Sharing the name, 00:03:40.020 --> 00:03:43.523 you'd think these two animals would be closely related. 00:03:43.523 --> 00:03:46.693 But, they're not. 00:03:46.693 --> 00:03:48.762 Red pandas are distinctive animals, 00:03:48.762 --> 00:03:51.364 in more ways than one. 00:03:51.364 --> 00:03:52.732 For centuries, 00:03:52.732 --> 00:03:57.104 biologists have debated how to classify Ho and his kind. 00:03:57.104 --> 00:04:00.340 At first they were thought to be part of the raccoon family. 00:04:00.340 --> 00:04:03.210 Then, they were classified as part of the bear family, 00:04:03.210 --> 00:04:04.744 as giant pandas are, 00:04:04.744 --> 00:04:08.448 because of similarities in DNA. 00:04:08.448 --> 00:04:09.816 But researchers think 00:04:09.816 --> 00:04:13.253 red pandas diverged from both these animal families, 00:04:13.253 --> 00:04:15.188 and so need to be in their own category. 00:04:20.260 --> 00:04:22.562 Ho's immediate family keeps him close. 00:04:22.562 --> 00:04:26.299 His mom, Sandy, watches his every move. 00:04:26.299 --> 00:04:27.734 The baby is just coming out of the nest box 00:04:27.734 --> 00:04:29.302 and he's coming out 00:04:29.302 --> 00:04:31.071 and mom will actually sometimes push him back in again. 00:04:31.071 --> 00:04:32.305 She doesn't like him coming out, 00:04:32.305 --> 00:04:36.376 she wants to keep him nice and snug and warm. 00:04:36.376 --> 00:04:38.612 But Ho's instinct as a natural born climber 00:04:38.612 --> 00:04:39.713 is kicking in. 00:04:42.149 --> 00:04:45.152 Pandas need to be good climbers to support their bamboo habit. 00:04:47.521 --> 00:04:52.225 But they also live in the trees, and even sleep in them. 00:04:52.225 --> 00:04:54.828 They're built for it, too. 00:04:54.828 --> 00:04:58.231 With semi-retractable claws to grip branches 00:04:58.231 --> 00:05:07.407 and long tails to steady them, 00:05:07.407 --> 00:05:10.477 Ho still needs to practice climbing though. 00:05:10.477 --> 00:05:11.678 So he does actually come out-- 00:05:11.678 --> 00:05:13.446 just fall off the branches, quite often. 00:05:16.783 --> 00:05:18.685 But he's in a learning position at the moment. 00:05:18.685 --> 00:05:23.056 How to use those claws, how to use the tail for balance. 00:05:23.056 --> 00:05:26.359 Ho's other defense mechanisms are kicking in too, 00:05:26.359 --> 00:05:27.627 although it's hard for the zoo keepers 00:05:27.627 --> 00:05:29.196 to take him too seriously. 00:05:31.698 --> 00:05:33.633 So you couldn't invent a better cuddly toy. 00:05:33.633 --> 00:05:35.202 And he comes at you, he bumbles around, 00:05:35.202 --> 00:05:36.469 and he falls off the branches 00:05:36.469 --> 00:05:40.307 but he's absolutely determined that he's a big scary animal. 00:05:40.307 --> 00:05:42.809 It's very difficult to get away from just how cute they are 00:05:42.809 --> 00:05:45.712 and when this baby first came out of the nest box, 00:05:45.712 --> 00:05:48.582 all the staff, me included I have to say, 00:05:48.582 --> 00:05:50.283 desperately wanted to see this baby panda 00:05:50.283 --> 00:05:51.818 because it's the cutest thing in the world 00:05:51.818 --> 00:05:54.521 and, uh, yeah we're hard-nosed conservationists 00:05:54.521 --> 00:05:56.256 but at the end of the day, if you see something like that, 00:05:56.256 --> 00:05:57.424 you've got to love it. 00:05:57.424 --> 00:05:58.658 It's fabulous. 00:06:01.428 --> 00:06:03.697 Fabulous, indeed. 00:06:03.697 --> 00:06:06.066 Ho may not know he's a celebrity, 00:06:06.066 --> 00:06:08.735 but he's doing a pretty good job of living in the limelight. 00:06:13.673 --> 00:06:14.808 Like two debutantes, 00:06:14.808 --> 00:06:17.711 twin snow leopard cubs Malaya and Dania 00:06:17.711 --> 00:06:19.079 were introduced to the public 00:06:19.079 --> 00:06:21.815 when they reached the appropriate age. 00:06:21.815 --> 00:06:23.350 For Malaya and Dania 00:06:23.350 --> 00:06:26.686 that was about 4 months after their birth. 00:06:26.686 --> 00:06:31.424 And like debutantes, everyone is anxious to see them. 00:06:31.424 --> 00:06:34.094 Snow leopards are an endangered species, 00:06:34.094 --> 00:06:36.796 and they're normally reclusive. 00:06:36.796 --> 00:06:41.735 So seeing one anywhere is kind of a big deal. 00:06:41.735 --> 00:06:43.570 Their birth wasn't a secret, 00:06:43.570 --> 00:06:45.272 but the zookeepers at Brookfield Zoo 00:06:45.272 --> 00:06:47.374 in Chicago, Illinois, wanted to wait 00:06:47.374 --> 00:06:49.209 before the sisters made their debut. 00:06:52.212 --> 00:06:54.681 The cubs needed time to bond with their mother, 00:06:54.681 --> 00:06:59.319 a 5-year-old cat named Sarani. 00:06:59.319 --> 00:07:01.755 It was worth the wait. 00:07:01.755 --> 00:07:06.192 The youngsters are curious, extremely active 00:07:06.192 --> 00:07:07.727 and easy on the eyes too. 00:07:10.130 --> 00:07:11.631 They're kind of silvery, 00:07:11.631 --> 00:07:15.201 they already have their black spots on their fur 00:07:15.201 --> 00:07:19.673 and as they grow, they start to get fluffier. 00:07:19.673 --> 00:07:21.341 Snow leopards are really beautiful. 00:07:23.677 --> 00:07:27.247 The twins are clearly similar but not identical. 00:07:27.247 --> 00:07:30.116 There are ways to tell them apart. 00:07:30.116 --> 00:07:34.788 They're 20 and 21 pounds with Malaya being 00:07:34.788 --> 00:07:39.826 just a little bit larger than Dania. 00:07:39.826 --> 00:07:44.130 Their personalities help to distinguish them, as well. 00:07:44.130 --> 00:07:48.668 Malaya is very confident, outgoing, exploratory 00:07:48.668 --> 00:07:52.605 and she's kind of been that way since she was very young 00:07:52.605 --> 00:07:57.644 and Dania is much shyer. 00:07:57.644 --> 00:08:00.080 But both of them are testing boundaries. 00:08:00.080 --> 00:08:03.516 And both are practicing for adulthood. 00:08:03.516 --> 00:08:06.786 These little cubs start to play at a really young age 00:08:06.786 --> 00:08:09.122 and in playing they learn a lot of the behaviors 00:08:09.122 --> 00:08:11.091 they need as adults 00:08:11.091 --> 00:08:14.294 and so what we especially see from these guys is that 00:08:14.294 --> 00:08:18.698 they get low down like cats do and they stalk something 00:08:18.698 --> 00:08:22.402 that they're treating like prey. 00:08:22.402 --> 00:08:26.339 They do this with their mom too, they stalk her, 00:08:26.339 --> 00:08:29.809 creep up on her, pounce on her. 00:08:29.809 --> 00:08:30.977 Fortunately, 00:08:30.977 --> 00:08:34.814 their mother seems willing to put up with their antics. 00:08:34.814 --> 00:08:36.716 Sarani is a really good mom. 00:08:36.716 --> 00:08:41.154 She's very watchful, very observant, very patient. 00:08:41.154 --> 00:08:44.324 She's always on duty. 00:08:44.324 --> 00:08:46.359 Malaya and Dania are curious 00:08:46.359 --> 00:08:48.728 and seem to respond to the finer things, 00:08:48.728 --> 00:08:51.698 like exotic smells introduced to keep their bodies active 00:08:51.698 --> 00:08:54.401 and their minds stimulated. 00:08:54.401 --> 00:08:59.339 We enrich them with scents and herbs. 00:08:59.339 --> 00:09:02.242 Some of the perfumes are really attractive to cats. 00:09:02.242 --> 00:09:03.643 They probably have 00:09:03.643 --> 00:09:06.513 a natural product in them like some type of musk, 00:09:06.513 --> 00:09:09.048 and some of the perfumes, you put 'em on exhibit 00:09:09.048 --> 00:09:10.717 and they immediately respond to 'em. 00:09:13.653 --> 00:09:17.757 Clearly, the cubs have a strong sense of smell. 00:09:17.757 --> 00:09:20.293 Dania and Malaya's other adaptations for life 00:09:20.293 --> 00:09:23.029 in the remote and rugged mountains of Central Asia 00:09:23.029 --> 00:09:26.332 are easier to see. 00:09:26.332 --> 00:09:28.635 Their coloration is adapted 00:09:28.635 --> 00:09:31.538 to their snowy, rocky environment as well, 00:09:31.538 --> 00:09:34.674 their whites and greys and blacks 00:09:34.674 --> 00:09:37.644 and they can disappear right before your eyes 00:09:37.644 --> 00:09:39.078 and be right in front of you in full view 00:09:39.078 --> 00:09:40.346 and you may not see them. 00:09:43.383 --> 00:09:45.084 And their legs and tail help them cope 00:09:45.084 --> 00:09:48.188 in treacherous conditions. 00:09:48.188 --> 00:09:52.559 They have very long back legs and shorter front legs 00:09:52.559 --> 00:09:55.261 and allows them to negotiate very steep terrain, 00:09:55.261 --> 00:09:57.263 it allows them to leap very long distances. 00:09:57.263 --> 00:09:59.199 They can leap up to 30 feet, 00:09:59.199 --> 00:10:04.204 they can ricochet off rock faces up to 30 feet as well, 00:10:04.204 --> 00:10:09.442 so they have snowshoe-like feet, very broad wide feet. 00:10:09.442 --> 00:10:11.544 Their tails really stand out 00:10:11.544 --> 00:10:14.781 as a unique characteristic of the species. 00:10:14.781 --> 00:10:17.250 They're nearly as long as their body, 00:10:17.250 --> 00:10:19.819 so at least a meter long 00:10:19.819 --> 00:10:22.322 and they're very thick and fluffy. 00:10:24.123 --> 00:10:25.725 A perfect counter-balance to their bodies 00:10:25.725 --> 00:10:28.161 while they bound around. 00:10:28.161 --> 00:10:30.063 Visitors love to watch their stunts. 00:10:32.832 --> 00:10:35.401 The zoo staff hopes that the public's appreciation 00:10:35.401 --> 00:10:40.173 for these endangered animals might one day turn into action. 00:10:40.173 --> 00:10:42.742 The cubs being out on exhibit is a great resource 00:10:42.742 --> 00:10:44.677 for what we're up to here, 00:10:44.677 --> 00:10:46.613 because we want to inspire people 00:10:46.613 --> 00:10:48.314 to be conservation leaders 00:10:48.314 --> 00:10:52.719 and we want to lead them towards valuing wildlife, 00:10:52.719 --> 00:10:56.256 valuing nature and protecting it, 00:10:56.256 --> 00:10:57.690 conserving it. 00:10:57.690 --> 00:10:59.759 That's our ultimate goal. 00:11:04.330 --> 00:11:07.233 This is Dudley Castle. 00:11:07.233 --> 00:11:10.370 Well, what remains of it. 00:11:10.370 --> 00:11:11.771 These walls once protected 00:11:11.771 --> 00:11:13.640 noble English families from attack. 00:11:16.609 --> 00:11:19.679 They're still guarding precious bloodlines. 00:11:19.679 --> 00:11:21.648 But now it's animals under protection, 00:11:21.648 --> 00:11:23.683 at Dudley Zoo, near Birmingham, England. 00:11:25.752 --> 00:11:28.555 The zoo is on a mission to help save endangered species, 00:11:28.555 --> 00:11:30.290 like these Sulawesi macaques. 00:11:33.660 --> 00:11:37.530 These macaques are critically endangered in the wild. 00:11:37.530 --> 00:11:40.533 They're losing their homes in the rainforests of Indonesia, 00:11:40.533 --> 00:11:41.701 as trees are chopped down. 00:11:44.137 --> 00:11:45.405 3,000 to 4,000 of them 00:11:45.405 --> 00:11:48.374 are protected on a reserve in Sulawesi, 00:11:48.374 --> 00:11:51.110 but those that range in the wild are treated like pests, 00:11:51.110 --> 00:11:52.812 or hunted for their meat. 00:11:52.812 --> 00:11:55.715 Still others are taken as pets. 00:11:55.715 --> 00:11:58.217 The pet trade, the youngsters are quite cute, 00:11:58.217 --> 00:12:00.386 so you can imagine some people would want them as a pet. 00:12:00.386 --> 00:12:03.156 And they're kind of the main threats 00:12:03.156 --> 00:12:06.426 that are faced with the macaques. 00:12:06.426 --> 00:12:10.763 This little family is protected at Dudley Zoo. 00:12:10.763 --> 00:12:13.666 They too have a castle... 00:12:13.666 --> 00:12:16.169 ...and a princess. 00:12:16.169 --> 00:12:18.338 This is their little princess, Summer. 00:12:18.338 --> 00:12:21.174 She's 5 months old. 00:12:21.174 --> 00:12:22.775 She stands out in a crowd. 00:12:22.775 --> 00:12:24.210 Both her skin and eyes 00:12:24.210 --> 00:12:26.312 have yet to develop the color of the adults. 00:12:28.548 --> 00:12:30.850 Male and female adults are jet black, 00:12:30.850 --> 00:12:34.187 with striking reddish-brown eyes. 00:12:34.187 --> 00:12:38.358 And their crests make them look like punk-rock primates. 00:12:38.358 --> 00:12:40.860 Female macaques are much smaller than males, 00:12:40.860 --> 00:12:43.096 and Summer will grow to be over 10 pounds. 00:12:47.200 --> 00:12:49.335 For now, Summer's size and pale skin 00:12:49.335 --> 00:12:52.438 are a signal that she needs bodyguards. 00:12:52.438 --> 00:12:54.707 This symbolizes to dominant males in the group 00:12:54.707 --> 00:12:57.677 to be aware that the mom has a youngster on her, 00:12:57.677 --> 00:12:58.478 so if it's their offspring, 00:12:58.478 --> 00:13:00.413 they'll keep a closer eye on them. 00:13:00.413 --> 00:13:03.583 And the rest of the group will also protect them in a way. 00:13:03.583 --> 00:13:06.586 And not so much aggression will be displayed towards them 00:13:06.586 --> 00:13:08.521 because they've got this youngster. 00:13:10.723 --> 00:13:13.593 Summer doesn't want for affection, 00:13:13.593 --> 00:13:17.397 and is doted on by everyone in this family. 00:13:17.397 --> 00:13:19.132 And she plays it to her advantage. 00:13:20.767 --> 00:13:23.770 She's cheeky, she knows she's the youngest, 00:13:23.770 --> 00:13:26.506 so she'll definitely try and get what she wants 00:13:26.506 --> 00:13:27.840 and the rest of the group know that as well, 00:13:27.840 --> 00:13:29.509 so they're kind of like, "Oh, you can have it." 00:13:32.278 --> 00:13:34.213 One of the things Summer is learning to do 00:13:34.213 --> 00:13:36.082 is forage for food, 00:13:36.082 --> 00:13:39.652 even if it's only by watching mom. 00:13:39.652 --> 00:13:42.121 Sulawesi macaques are fruit-lovers, 00:13:42.121 --> 00:13:46.225 but will eat grasses, insects, birds, and here at the zoo, 00:13:46.225 --> 00:13:50.129 pellets packed with nutrients. 00:13:50.129 --> 00:13:55.501 But Summer still needs to nurse until she's about 1-year-old. 00:13:55.501 --> 00:13:58.705 Her mom, Jasmine, is the center of her life, 00:13:58.705 --> 00:14:02.608 and Summer clings to her most of the time. 00:14:02.608 --> 00:14:05.778 When she lets go, it's not for long. 00:14:05.778 --> 00:14:08.581 If you think in the wild that the danger 00:14:08.581 --> 00:14:11.150 coming from every angle, so they need to be careful, 00:14:11.150 --> 00:14:13.152 and so running back to mom is just that safety net 00:14:13.152 --> 00:14:16.723 and then mom can keep her safe and covered. 00:14:16.723 --> 00:14:19.425 That's just fine with mom. 00:14:19.425 --> 00:14:20.593 Jasmine's quite a good mom, 00:14:20.593 --> 00:14:23.463 and she'll give a little bit of freedom 00:14:23.463 --> 00:14:26.299 in the sense that the baby's allowed to go far. 00:14:26.299 --> 00:14:30.169 But she'll always keep a close eye on her. 00:14:30.169 --> 00:14:31.604 Jasmine makes it clear to the group 00:14:31.604 --> 00:14:34.674 that she's in charge of Summer. 00:14:34.674 --> 00:14:37.577 Sulawesi macaques are constantly communicating, 00:14:37.577 --> 00:14:40.146 and have many ways to do so. 00:14:40.146 --> 00:14:45.351 They use sound, coos and chirps and other calls. 00:14:45.351 --> 00:14:46.285 Researchers believe 00:14:46.285 --> 00:14:49.489 that the calls can mean a number of things 00:14:49.489 --> 00:14:51.357 including "Stay away." 00:14:53.726 --> 00:14:56.696 And that even subtle gestures can encourage cooperation. 00:14:56.696 --> 00:15:03.569 (♪♪♪) 00:15:03.569 --> 00:15:05.138 They smack their lips, 00:15:05.138 --> 00:15:07.140 which can result in a friendly interaction 00:15:07.140 --> 00:15:08.741 between macaques in a social group. 00:15:12.645 --> 00:15:14.714 And what looks like a yawn to us 00:15:14.714 --> 00:15:16.716 might be a way of letting others in the group know 00:15:16.716 --> 00:15:20.353 who's boss. 00:15:20.353 --> 00:15:22.088 These macaques even communicate 00:15:22.088 --> 00:15:23.422 with the hair on top of their heads. 00:15:28.628 --> 00:15:30.496 The crest on the top of their heads 00:15:30.496 --> 00:15:33.132 is more prominent in males 00:15:33.132 --> 00:15:34.734 and it's more if they get aroused, 00:15:34.734 --> 00:15:37.103 or asserting their dominance, they'll pull their crest up 00:15:37.103 --> 00:15:38.838 and it's more of a stance towards the females 00:15:38.838 --> 00:15:41.774 or other dominant males. 00:15:41.774 --> 00:15:46.078 Communication is essential to maintain order. 00:15:46.078 --> 00:15:47.647 Macaques work in groups. 00:15:47.647 --> 00:15:49.182 They're highly social animals 00:15:49.182 --> 00:15:50.783 that rely on other members of the group 00:15:50.783 --> 00:15:54.220 for just about everything. 00:15:54.220 --> 00:15:56.622 You've got the dominant male who kind of patrols the group, 00:15:56.622 --> 00:15:58.825 keeps everyone in line. 00:15:58.825 --> 00:16:00.493 If it's a big group and there's multiple males, 00:16:00.493 --> 00:16:02.361 you've got males that work underneath him. 00:16:04.063 --> 00:16:07.366 In the wild groups can have up to 90 members. 00:16:07.366 --> 00:16:09.502 This group isn't quite that big. 00:16:09.502 --> 00:16:11.571 But like wild groups, it's mostly female. 00:16:14.540 --> 00:16:16.809 You've got the baby, obviously, Summer. 00:16:16.809 --> 00:16:19.812 And you've then got mom Jasmine and you've got a few aunts. 00:16:19.812 --> 00:16:22.048 You've got Poppy and Sophie as well. 00:16:22.048 --> 00:16:23.816 So it's quite a female group. 00:16:23.816 --> 00:16:26.619 You've got some youngsters in there as well. 00:16:26.619 --> 00:16:30.656 It's a small group, but it's growing. 00:16:30.656 --> 00:16:33.092 The number of young macaques in this family shows 00:16:33.092 --> 00:16:35.695 they're thriving. 00:16:35.695 --> 00:16:38.397 And if all goes well, in a few years 00:16:38.397 --> 00:16:41.133 Summer will help carry on the precious bloodline 00:16:41.133 --> 00:16:43.502 of Sulawesi macaques at the Dudley Zoo. 00:16:48.074 --> 00:16:52.345 It's not every day you see rhinos come to be petted, 00:16:52.345 --> 00:16:54.714 but things at the Monarto Zoo in Southern Australia 00:16:54.714 --> 00:16:57.350 are a little different. 00:16:57.350 --> 00:17:01.387 It's the largest open-range zoo in the country. 00:17:01.387 --> 00:17:04.490 And even though the rhinos here roam over a large area, 00:17:04.490 --> 00:17:05.691 they still come to their keepers, 00:17:05.691 --> 00:17:09.195 especially for a little snack. 00:17:09.195 --> 00:17:12.431 When it comes to hay and attention, 00:17:12.431 --> 00:17:15.034 this little rhino eats it up. 00:17:15.034 --> 00:17:16.802 Her name is Tundu, 00:17:16.802 --> 00:17:20.306 which is Swahili for 'mischievous'. 00:17:20.306 --> 00:17:23.709 She's very curious of lots of different things 00:17:23.709 --> 00:17:25.044 and she's very active. 00:17:25.044 --> 00:17:26.212 Although, she does have lots of times 00:17:26.212 --> 00:17:28.814 where she does sleep and rest, 00:17:28.814 --> 00:17:31.717 but you will see her charging around her exhibit 00:17:31.717 --> 00:17:34.520 quite furiously. 00:17:34.520 --> 00:17:36.222 She's only a couple of months old 00:17:36.222 --> 00:17:38.257 and still very little, 00:17:38.257 --> 00:17:42.461 but little is a relative thing for a rhino. 00:17:42.461 --> 00:17:46.299 A newborn can top 100 pounds. 00:17:46.299 --> 00:17:51.170 Tundu doesn't rely entirely on hay for her nutrition, 00:17:51.170 --> 00:17:54.607 and her additional supplements are paying off. 00:17:54.607 --> 00:17:56.309 Because at 2-1/2 months, 00:17:56.309 --> 00:17:59.512 she's already more than 200 pounds. 00:17:59.512 --> 00:18:01.580 Heavyweight for humans. 00:18:01.580 --> 00:18:05.151 A featherweight for rhinos. 00:18:05.151 --> 00:18:08.754 Her mother Umqali weighs a ton. 00:18:08.754 --> 00:18:10.656 I guess people are always impressed by their size. 00:18:10.656 --> 00:18:12.725 That's one of the main things that people, you know, say 00:18:12.725 --> 00:18:15.061 when they see the rhinos is that they're so large 00:18:15.061 --> 00:18:16.195 and they are, you know, 00:18:16.195 --> 00:18:17.997 the males are around just over 2 ton. 00:18:20.700 --> 00:18:26.372 Tundu is a southern white rhino, the largest rhino in the world, 00:18:26.372 --> 00:18:30.509 and the biggest land animal after elephants. 00:18:30.509 --> 00:18:34.213 Tundu and her family are a good news story. 00:18:34.213 --> 00:18:36.582 After a century of protecting this species, 00:18:36.582 --> 00:18:38.417 southern white rhinos have been brought back 00:18:38.417 --> 00:18:39.752 from the edge of extinction. 00:18:42.421 --> 00:18:45.291 While Tundu appears sweet and innocent, 00:18:45.291 --> 00:18:48.661 the adults are big and fierce-looking. 00:18:48.661 --> 00:18:51.664 And those horns could do some damage, 00:18:51.664 --> 00:18:55.301 they can grow up to 3-feet-long. 00:18:55.301 --> 00:18:57.470 There's a primary horn at the front 00:18:57.470 --> 00:19:00.072 and a little secondary horn behind that one. 00:19:00.072 --> 00:19:03.509 They use the horn for defense and for fighting. 00:19:03.509 --> 00:19:05.111 It's a tool for the rhino to use. 00:19:07.546 --> 00:19:10.383 Equip a body this size with horns like those, 00:19:10.383 --> 00:19:13.753 and it's obvious they don't have many predators. 00:19:13.753 --> 00:19:17.123 Nobody wants to mess with them. 00:19:17.123 --> 00:19:18.758 Their biggest predator? 00:19:18.758 --> 00:19:20.559 Us. 00:19:20.559 --> 00:19:23.529 In the wild, the horns are their greatest defense, 00:19:23.529 --> 00:19:25.698 but when it comes to human poachers, 00:19:25.698 --> 00:19:27.500 they're a weakness. 00:19:27.500 --> 00:19:33.072 In Asia, a single horn can fetch up to $300,000. 00:19:33.072 --> 00:19:35.041 They're used in traditional medicine, 00:19:35.041 --> 00:19:39.445 though scientists say they have no medicinal benefits. 00:19:39.445 --> 00:19:42.181 Tundu doesn't have horns yet. 00:19:42.181 --> 00:19:44.550 Just a bump for now. 00:19:44.550 --> 00:19:47.319 But they'll grow in. 00:19:47.319 --> 00:19:51.657 She'll never have to worry about poachers here at the zoo. 00:19:51.657 --> 00:19:54.126 And thanks to strong conservation efforts, 00:19:54.126 --> 00:19:56.162 the population of wild southern white rhinos 00:19:56.162 --> 00:20:00.499 continues to grow. 00:20:00.499 --> 00:20:01.534 You may be wondering 00:20:01.534 --> 00:20:03.302 why these are called white rhinos 00:20:03.302 --> 00:20:06.505 when they look grey. 00:20:06.505 --> 00:20:09.708 It's because of their wide mouths. 00:20:09.708 --> 00:20:13.579 It was a mispronunciation of the word 'weit' 00:20:13.579 --> 00:20:17.450 which came across in Afrikaans as sounding 'white'. 00:20:17.450 --> 00:20:19.752 So it was taken as the white rhino 00:20:19.752 --> 00:20:24.790 but actually it refers to their lips, which are wide. 00:20:24.790 --> 00:20:28.727 Those wide mouths are like lawn mowers. 00:20:28.727 --> 00:20:31.163 White rhinos graze the African savannahs 00:20:31.163 --> 00:20:33.132 and eat grass, 00:20:33.132 --> 00:20:36.302 like some domesticated animals that are more familiar to us, 00:20:36.302 --> 00:20:37.336 horses. 00:20:38.737 --> 00:20:43.142 Horses are actually their closest living cousins. 00:20:43.142 --> 00:20:45.411 They have identical digestive systems 00:20:45.411 --> 00:20:50.382 that helps them break down fresh cut grass, and dried hay. 00:20:50.382 --> 00:20:55.287 The rhinos at Monarto eat almost 45 pounds a day. 00:20:55.287 --> 00:20:56.422 That's not the only thing 00:20:56.422 --> 00:20:59.191 rhinos and horses have in common. 00:20:59.191 --> 00:21:02.328 Just watch the way Tundu walks... 00:21:02.328 --> 00:21:05.097 ...and canters. 00:21:05.097 --> 00:21:06.365 Like a little foal, 00:21:06.365 --> 00:21:10.202 she started to run at 3-days-old. 00:21:10.202 --> 00:21:12.271 They're both light on their feet. 00:21:12.271 --> 00:21:15.841 When it comes to rhinos, that surprises people. 00:21:15.841 --> 00:21:17.510 You know, they watch rhinos move and I guess they think 00:21:17.510 --> 00:21:19.478 they're going to be sort of slow. 00:21:19.478 --> 00:21:21.147 They can move quite quickly when they want to. 00:21:23.582 --> 00:21:27.686 Even rhinos' ears are shaped like horses' ears. 00:21:27.686 --> 00:21:31.557 They're cupped to capture and funnel sounds. 00:21:31.557 --> 00:21:33.425 Both rhinos and horses have ears 00:21:33.425 --> 00:21:36.662 that can pivot around like a sonar dish. 00:21:36.662 --> 00:21:38.230 They hear better than they see. 00:21:41.567 --> 00:21:43.602 But a rhino's most powerful sense 00:21:43.602 --> 00:21:47.106 is its sense of smell. 00:21:47.106 --> 00:21:49.375 So you'd think it might find a dung heap offensive. 00:21:52.344 --> 00:21:55.414 While you and I might not like the smell, 00:21:55.414 --> 00:21:58.784 it's how rhinos mark their territory. 00:21:58.784 --> 00:22:01.120 This male is spraying the dung to make it clear 00:22:01.120 --> 00:22:02.555 this patch of turf is his. 00:22:06.125 --> 00:22:09.662 Females are protective of their territory too. 00:22:09.662 --> 00:22:12.498 The females in this group kept watch over Umqali 00:22:12.498 --> 00:22:15.201 when she was giving birth to Tundu. 00:22:15.201 --> 00:22:16.268 We had a camera system set up, 00:22:16.268 --> 00:22:19.305 so we could monitor signs of labor and the birth 00:22:19.305 --> 00:22:21.307 and that sort of thing. 00:22:21.307 --> 00:22:23.609 We came in the morning and there was a little surprise 00:22:23.609 --> 00:22:26.512 that was waiting in the boma and that was Tundu. 00:22:30.849 --> 00:22:34.520 Umqali's young daughter has grown by leaps and bounds, 00:22:34.520 --> 00:22:38.357 but stays by her mom's side most of the time. 00:22:38.357 --> 00:22:39.858 Mom will keep a close eye on Tundu 00:22:39.858 --> 00:22:42.795 till she's at least three. 00:22:42.795 --> 00:22:46.131 The zoo is equally protective. 00:22:46.131 --> 00:22:48.200 With more rhinos being poached in the wild 00:22:48.200 --> 00:22:49.635 than being born, 00:22:49.635 --> 00:22:53.405 every new rhino at the zoo is cause for celebration. 00:22:53.405 --> 00:22:56.675 We do use these guys a lot as ambassadors to educate people 00:22:56.675 --> 00:23:00.045 about the plight of white rhinos in the wild. 00:23:00.045 --> 00:23:02.114 We do even have tours where people can come in 00:23:02.114 --> 00:23:04.583 and get up close and meet the rhino 00:23:04.583 --> 00:23:06.585 and have that sort of personal experience 00:23:06.585 --> 00:23:10.289 and that helps to educate and cement the message 00:23:10.289 --> 00:23:11.390 of the white rhino. 00:23:14.593 --> 00:23:17.496 Tundu seems to be enjoying her role as ambassador, 00:23:17.496 --> 00:23:19.064 and all the perks that come with it. 00:23:19.064 --> 00:23:25.704 (♪♪♪) 00:23:25.704 --> 00:23:30.476 The birth of a baby animal is always exciting news. 00:23:30.476 --> 00:23:32.478 But when it's a species that's endangered, 00:23:32.478 --> 00:23:35.714 it's even more precious. 00:23:35.714 --> 00:23:37.650 These babies are mini ambassadors 00:23:37.650 --> 00:23:41.587 for conservation efforts, 00:23:41.587 --> 00:23:42.688 and they're sweet reminders 00:23:42.688 --> 00:23:45.758 of the incredible diversity of life on our planet. 00:23:45.758 --> 00:23:55.801 (♪♪♪) 00:23:55.801 --> 00:24:00.706 (♪♪♪) 00:24:00.706 --> 00:24:13.085 (♪♪♪)