WEBVTT

00:00:02.636 --> 00:00:04.771
Some of the world's most
amazing animals

00:00:04.771 --> 00:00:07.107
are in danger
of disappearing forever.

00:00:09.309 --> 00:00:12.379
But through the efforts of zoos
and conservation groups,

00:00:12.379 --> 00:00:14.648
many species,
like clouded leopards,

00:00:14.648 --> 00:00:17.117
are hanging on.

00:00:17.117 --> 00:00:19.253
Some, like the
southern white rhino,

00:00:19.253 --> 00:00:21.755
have even been brought back
from the edge of extinction.

00:00:21.755 --> 00:00:32.699
(♪♪♪)

00:00:38.572 --> 00:00:40.274
There was quite a stir
at the Newquay Zoo,

00:00:40.274 --> 00:00:42.709
in Cornwall England,

00:00:42.709 --> 00:00:44.778
when this red panda cub
was about to be born.

00:00:47.281 --> 00:00:49.816
The expecting mother, Sandy,
was nowhere to be seen.

00:00:52.552 --> 00:00:54.187
 She'd disappeared
for several days

00:00:54.187 --> 00:00:56.323
and everybody had
their fingers crossed.

00:00:56.323 --> 00:00:57.824
So we were just waiting
for the sound

00:00:57.824 --> 00:01:01.228
and then when the keeper came up
and said, "I can hear a squeak."

00:01:01.228 --> 00:01:04.264
So, fantastic, we want to hear
the second squeak the next day

00:01:04.264 --> 00:01:05.399
to make sure.

00:01:05.399 --> 00:01:07.534
But huge excitement in the zoo
as soon as we realized

00:01:07.534 --> 00:01:08.669
we had our first ever
baby panda.

00:01:11.338 --> 00:01:14.141
 Even though they couldn't see
what was happening,

00:01:14.141 --> 00:01:15.676
the keepers were listening.

00:01:17.744 --> 00:01:19.713
Ho, as they called
the new born cub,

00:01:19.713 --> 00:01:22.716
had finally arrived.

00:01:22.716 --> 00:01:26.486
But he was born
in an unexpected place.

00:01:26.486 --> 00:01:27.554
Keepers had assumed

00:01:27.554 --> 00:01:29.856
that his mom would climb
into an elevated nest box

00:01:29.856 --> 00:01:31.825
to give birth,

00:01:31.825 --> 00:01:33.593
similar to how a female
in the wild

00:01:33.593 --> 00:01:36.630
would climb into a tree.

00:01:36.630 --> 00:01:39.666
That didn't happen.

00:01:39.666 --> 00:01:43.403
The weather had something
to do with that.

00:01:43.403 --> 00:01:45.372
In Europe it can get quite warm
in the middle of summer

00:01:45.372 --> 00:01:46.707
and that's a problem
for red pandas

00:01:46.707 --> 00:01:49.576
because they come from very much
a colder climate.

00:01:49.576 --> 00:01:52.212
So mom actually gave birth
underground

00:01:52.212 --> 00:01:55.649
because it was cooler
down there.

00:01:55.649 --> 00:01:58.251
 Ho's now 4 months old.

00:01:58.251 --> 00:02:02.255
His arrival was a big deal
for many reasons.

00:02:02.255 --> 00:02:03.457
First of all,

00:02:03.457 --> 00:02:06.460
the zoo had unsuccessfully
tried to breed a red panda cub

00:02:06.460 --> 00:02:09.629
for 9 years.

00:02:09.629 --> 00:02:13.633
Second, it's very difficult
for red pandas to get pregnant,

00:02:13.633 --> 00:02:15.369
because females are able
to conceive

00:02:15.369 --> 00:02:18.672
just one day out of a year.

00:02:18.672 --> 00:02:20.107
Ho is also a star

00:02:20.107 --> 00:02:23.310
because red pandas
are an endangered species,

00:02:23.310 --> 00:02:25.512
and he's the end result
of a worldwide effort

00:02:25.512 --> 00:02:29.683
to preserve these animals.

00:02:29.683 --> 00:02:32.185
It's believed that
there are only 10,000 or so

00:02:32.185 --> 00:02:33.787
red pandas left in the wild.

00:02:35.789 --> 00:02:37.090
Part of the reason for that

00:02:37.090 --> 00:02:41.561
is how rarely
these animals breed.

00:02:41.561 --> 00:02:43.697
But another is that
their habitat,

00:02:43.697 --> 00:02:45.432
the cool, mountainous forests

00:02:45.432 --> 00:02:47.834
that stretch from the Himalayas
into Southern China,

00:02:47.834 --> 00:02:49.503
is being cut down.

00:02:49.503 --> 00:02:56.810
(♪♪♪)

00:02:56.810 --> 00:02:59.212
There is some good news.

00:02:59.212 --> 00:03:00.447
Red pandas in the wild

00:03:00.447 --> 00:03:03.550
are getting some help
from their neighbors.

00:03:03.550 --> 00:03:04.818
 The areas where they live,

00:03:04.818 --> 00:03:06.486
certain parts of the areas
where they live,

00:03:06.486 --> 00:03:08.622
they overlap with giant pandas.

00:03:08.622 --> 00:03:09.756
But the conservation efforts
in the wild

00:03:09.756 --> 00:03:12.426
are being concentrated
in those areas.

00:03:12.426 --> 00:03:13.360
 The government of China

00:03:13.360 --> 00:03:15.595
is trying to save
their national treasure,

00:03:15.595 --> 00:03:18.331
the giant panda.

00:03:18.331 --> 00:03:21.668
And because they share
much of the same habitat,

00:03:21.668 --> 00:03:25.072
red pandas are being protected
by default.

00:03:25.072 --> 00:03:26.306
Two species,

00:03:26.306 --> 00:03:29.376
both threatened in the wild,
both solitary,

00:03:29.376 --> 00:03:32.546
and definitely both adorable.

00:03:32.546 --> 00:03:35.549
The word panda translates to
"bamboo-eater",

00:03:35.549 --> 00:03:38.819
which both of these animals
love.

00:03:38.819 --> 00:03:40.020
Sharing the name,

00:03:40.020 --> 00:03:43.523
you'd think these two animals
would be closely related.

00:03:43.523 --> 00:03:46.693
But, they're not.

00:03:46.693 --> 00:03:48.762
Red pandas
are distinctive animals,

00:03:48.762 --> 00:03:51.364
in more ways than one.

00:03:51.364 --> 00:03:52.732
For centuries,

00:03:52.732 --> 00:03:57.104
biologists have debated
how to classify Ho and his kind.

00:03:57.104 --> 00:04:00.340
At first they were thought to be
part of the raccoon family.

00:04:00.340 --> 00:04:03.210
Then, they were classified
as part of the bear family,

00:04:03.210 --> 00:04:04.744
as giant pandas are,

00:04:04.744 --> 00:04:08.448
because of similarities
in DNA.

00:04:08.448 --> 00:04:09.816
But researchers think

00:04:09.816 --> 00:04:13.253
red pandas diverged
from both these animal families,

00:04:13.253 --> 00:04:15.188
and so need to be
in their own category.

00:04:20.260 --> 00:04:22.562
Ho's immediate family
keeps him close.

00:04:22.562 --> 00:04:26.299
His mom, Sandy,
watches his every move.

00:04:26.299 --> 00:04:27.734
 The baby is just coming
out of the nest box

00:04:27.734 --> 00:04:29.302
and he's coming out

00:04:29.302 --> 00:04:31.071
and mom will actually sometimes
push him back in again.

00:04:31.071 --> 00:04:32.305
She doesn't like him coming out,

00:04:32.305 --> 00:04:36.376
she wants to keep him nice
and snug and warm.

00:04:36.376 --> 00:04:38.612
 But Ho's instinct
as a natural born climber

00:04:38.612 --> 00:04:39.713
is kicking in.

00:04:42.149 --> 00:04:45.152
Pandas need to be good climbers
to support their bamboo habit.

00:04:47.521 --> 00:04:52.225
But they also live in the trees,
and even sleep in them.

00:04:52.225 --> 00:04:54.828
They're built for it, too.

00:04:54.828 --> 00:04:58.231
With semi-retractable claws
to grip branches

00:04:58.231 --> 00:05:07.407
and long tails to steady them,

00:05:07.407 --> 00:05:10.477
Ho still needs to practice
climbing though.

00:05:10.477 --> 00:05:11.678
 So he does
actually come out--

00:05:11.678 --> 00:05:13.446
just fall off the branches,
quite often.

00:05:16.783 --> 00:05:18.685
But he's in a learning position
at the moment.

00:05:18.685 --> 00:05:23.056
How to use those claws,
how to use the tail for balance.

00:05:23.056 --> 00:05:26.359
 Ho's other defense
mechanisms are kicking in too,

00:05:26.359 --> 00:05:27.627
although it's hard for
the zoo keepers

00:05:27.627 --> 00:05:29.196
to take him too seriously.

00:05:31.698 --> 00:05:33.633
 So you couldn't invent
a better cuddly toy.

00:05:33.633 --> 00:05:35.202
And he comes at you,
he bumbles around,

00:05:35.202 --> 00:05:36.469
and he falls off the branches

00:05:36.469 --> 00:05:40.307
but he's absolutely determined
that he's a big scary animal.

00:05:40.307 --> 00:05:42.809
It's very difficult to get away
from just how cute they are

00:05:42.809 --> 00:05:45.712
and when this baby
first came out of the nest box,

00:05:45.712 --> 00:05:48.582
all the staff, me included
I have to say,

00:05:48.582 --> 00:05:50.283
desperately wanted to see
this baby panda

00:05:50.283 --> 00:05:51.818
because it's the cutest thing
in the world

00:05:51.818 --> 00:05:54.521
and, uh, yeah we're
hard-nosed conservationists

00:05:54.521 --> 00:05:56.256
but at the end of the day,
if you see something like that,

00:05:56.256 --> 00:05:57.424
you've got to love it.

00:05:57.424 --> 00:05:58.658
It's fabulous.

00:06:01.428 --> 00:06:03.697
 Fabulous, indeed.

00:06:03.697 --> 00:06:06.066
Ho may not know
he's a celebrity,

00:06:06.066 --> 00:06:08.735
but he's doing a pretty good job
of living in the limelight.

00:06:13.673 --> 00:06:14.808
Like two debutantes,

00:06:14.808 --> 00:06:17.711
twin snow leopard cubs
Malaya and Dania

00:06:17.711 --> 00:06:19.079
were introduced
to the public

00:06:19.079 --> 00:06:21.815
when they reached
the appropriate age.

00:06:21.815 --> 00:06:23.350
For Malaya and Dania

00:06:23.350 --> 00:06:26.686
that was about 4 months
after their birth.

00:06:26.686 --> 00:06:31.424
And like debutantes,
everyone is anxious to see them.

00:06:31.424 --> 00:06:34.094
Snow leopards
are an endangered species,

00:06:34.094 --> 00:06:36.796
and they're normally reclusive.

00:06:36.796 --> 00:06:41.735
So seeing one anywhere
is kind of a big deal.

00:06:41.735 --> 00:06:43.570
Their birth wasn't a secret,

00:06:43.570 --> 00:06:45.272
but the zookeepers
at Brookfield Zoo

00:06:45.272 --> 00:06:47.374
in Chicago, Illinois,
wanted to wait

00:06:47.374 --> 00:06:49.209
before the sisters made
their debut.

00:06:52.212 --> 00:06:54.681
The cubs needed time to bond
with their mother,

00:06:54.681 --> 00:06:59.319
a 5-year-old cat named Sarani.

00:06:59.319 --> 00:07:01.755
It was worth the wait.

00:07:01.755 --> 00:07:06.192
The youngsters are curious,
extremely active

00:07:06.192 --> 00:07:07.727
and easy on the eyes too.

00:07:10.130 --> 00:07:11.631
 They're kind of silvery,

00:07:11.631 --> 00:07:15.201
they already have their
black spots on their fur

00:07:15.201 --> 00:07:19.673
and as they grow,
they start to get fluffier.

00:07:19.673 --> 00:07:21.341
Snow leopards are really
beautiful.

00:07:23.677 --> 00:07:27.247
 The twins are clearly similar
but not identical.

00:07:27.247 --> 00:07:30.116
There are ways
to tell them apart.

00:07:30.116 --> 00:07:34.788
 They're 20 and 21 pounds
with Malaya being

00:07:34.788 --> 00:07:39.826
just a little bit
larger than Dania.

00:07:39.826 --> 00:07:44.130
 Their personalities help
to distinguish them, as well.

00:07:44.130 --> 00:07:48.668
 Malaya is very confident,
outgoing, exploratory

00:07:48.668 --> 00:07:52.605
and she's kind of been that way
since she was very young

00:07:52.605 --> 00:07:57.644
and Dania is much shyer.

00:07:57.644 --> 00:08:00.080
 But both of them
are testing boundaries.

00:08:00.080 --> 00:08:03.516
And both are practicing
for adulthood.

00:08:03.516 --> 00:08:06.786
 These little cubs start
to play at a really young age

00:08:06.786 --> 00:08:09.122
and in playing they learn
a lot of the behaviors

00:08:09.122 --> 00:08:11.091
they need as adults

00:08:11.091 --> 00:08:14.294
and so what we especially see
from these guys is that

00:08:14.294 --> 00:08:18.698
they get low down like cats do
and they stalk something

00:08:18.698 --> 00:08:22.402
that they're treating like prey.

00:08:22.402 --> 00:08:26.339
They do this with their mom too,
they stalk her,

00:08:26.339 --> 00:08:29.809
creep up on her,
pounce on her.

00:08:29.809 --> 00:08:30.977
 Fortunately,

00:08:30.977 --> 00:08:34.814
their mother seems willing
to put up with their antics.

00:08:34.814 --> 00:08:36.716
 Sarani is a really good mom.

00:08:36.716 --> 00:08:41.154
She's very watchful,
very observant, very patient.

00:08:41.154 --> 00:08:44.324
She's always on duty.

00:08:44.324 --> 00:08:46.359
 Malaya and Dania are curious

00:08:46.359 --> 00:08:48.728
and seem to respond
to the finer things,

00:08:48.728 --> 00:08:51.698
like exotic smells introduced
to keep their bodies active

00:08:51.698 --> 00:08:54.401
and their minds stimulated.

00:08:54.401 --> 00:08:59.339
 We enrich them
with scents and herbs.

00:08:59.339 --> 00:09:02.242
Some of the perfumes are really
attractive to cats.

00:09:02.242 --> 00:09:03.643
They probably have

00:09:03.643 --> 00:09:06.513
a natural product in them
like some type of musk,

00:09:06.513 --> 00:09:09.048
and some of the perfumes,
you put 'em on exhibit

00:09:09.048 --> 00:09:10.717
and they immediately
respond to 'em.

00:09:13.653 --> 00:09:17.757
 Clearly, the cubs have
a strong sense of smell.

00:09:17.757 --> 00:09:20.293
Dania and Malaya's
other adaptations for life

00:09:20.293 --> 00:09:23.029
in the remote and rugged
mountains of Central Asia

00:09:23.029 --> 00:09:26.332
are easier to see.

00:09:26.332 --> 00:09:28.635
 Their coloration is adapted

00:09:28.635 --> 00:09:31.538
to their snowy,
rocky environment as well,

00:09:31.538 --> 00:09:34.674
their whites and greys
and blacks

00:09:34.674 --> 00:09:37.644
and they can disappear
right before your eyes

00:09:37.644 --> 00:09:39.078
and be right in front of you
in full view

00:09:39.078 --> 00:09:40.346
and you may not see them.

00:09:43.383 --> 00:09:45.084
 And their legs and tail
help them cope

00:09:45.084 --> 00:09:48.188
in treacherous conditions.

00:09:48.188 --> 00:09:52.559
 They have very long back legs
and shorter front legs

00:09:52.559 --> 00:09:55.261
and allows them to negotiate
very steep terrain,

00:09:55.261 --> 00:09:57.263
it allows them to leap
very long distances.

00:09:57.263 --> 00:09:59.199
They can leap up to 30 feet,

00:09:59.199 --> 00:10:04.204
they can ricochet off rock faces
up to 30 feet as well,

00:10:04.204 --> 00:10:09.442
so they have snowshoe-like feet,
very broad wide feet.

00:10:09.442 --> 00:10:11.544
Their tails really stand out

00:10:11.544 --> 00:10:14.781
as a unique characteristic
of the species.

00:10:14.781 --> 00:10:17.250
They're nearly as long
as their body,

00:10:17.250 --> 00:10:19.819
so at least a meter long

00:10:19.819 --> 00:10:22.322
and they're very thick
and fluffy.

00:10:24.123 --> 00:10:25.725
 A perfect counter-balance
to their bodies

00:10:25.725 --> 00:10:28.161
while they bound around.

00:10:28.161 --> 00:10:30.063
Visitors love to watch
their stunts.

00:10:32.832 --> 00:10:35.401
The zoo staff hopes that
the public's appreciation

00:10:35.401 --> 00:10:40.173
for these endangered animals
might one day turn into action.

00:10:40.173 --> 00:10:42.742
 The cubs being out on exhibit
is a great resource

00:10:42.742 --> 00:10:44.677
for what we're up to here,

00:10:44.677 --> 00:10:46.613
because we want
to inspire people

00:10:46.613 --> 00:10:48.314
to be conservation leaders

00:10:48.314 --> 00:10:52.719
and we want to lead them
towards valuing wildlife,

00:10:52.719 --> 00:10:56.256
valuing nature
and protecting it,

00:10:56.256 --> 00:10:57.690
conserving it.

00:10:57.690 --> 00:10:59.759
That's our ultimate goal.

00:11:04.330 --> 00:11:07.233
 This is Dudley Castle.

00:11:07.233 --> 00:11:10.370
Well, what remains of it.

00:11:10.370 --> 00:11:11.771
These walls once protected

00:11:11.771 --> 00:11:13.640
noble English families
from attack.

00:11:16.609 --> 00:11:19.679
They're still guarding
precious bloodlines.

00:11:19.679 --> 00:11:21.648
But now it's animals
under protection,

00:11:21.648 --> 00:11:23.683
at Dudley Zoo,
near Birmingham, England.

00:11:25.752 --> 00:11:28.555
The zoo is on a mission to help
save endangered species,

00:11:28.555 --> 00:11:30.290
like these Sulawesi macaques.

00:11:33.660 --> 00:11:37.530
These macaques are critically
endangered in the wild.

00:11:37.530 --> 00:11:40.533
They're losing their homes
in the rainforests of Indonesia,

00:11:40.533 --> 00:11:41.701
as trees are chopped down.

00:11:44.137 --> 00:11:45.405
3,000 to 4,000 of them

00:11:45.405 --> 00:11:48.374
are protected on a reserve
in Sulawesi,

00:11:48.374 --> 00:11:51.110
but those that range in the wild
are treated like pests,

00:11:51.110 --> 00:11:52.812
or hunted for their meat.

00:11:52.812 --> 00:11:55.715
Still others are taken as pets.

00:11:55.715 --> 00:11:58.217
 The pet trade,
the youngsters are quite cute,

00:11:58.217 --> 00:12:00.386
so you can imagine some people
would want them as a pet.

00:12:00.386 --> 00:12:03.156
And they're kind of
the main threats

00:12:03.156 --> 00:12:06.426
that are faced
with the macaques.

00:12:06.426 --> 00:12:10.763
 This little family is
protected at Dudley Zoo.

00:12:10.763 --> 00:12:13.666
They too have a castle...

00:12:13.666 --> 00:12:16.169
...and a princess.

00:12:16.169 --> 00:12:18.338
This is their little princess,
Summer.

00:12:18.338 --> 00:12:21.174
She's 5 months old.

00:12:21.174 --> 00:12:22.775
She stands out in a crowd.

00:12:22.775 --> 00:12:24.210
Both her skin and eyes

00:12:24.210 --> 00:12:26.312
have yet to develop the color
of the adults.

00:12:28.548 --> 00:12:30.850
Male and female adults
are jet black,

00:12:30.850 --> 00:12:34.187
with striking reddish-brown
eyes.

00:12:34.187 --> 00:12:38.358
And their crests make them
look like punk-rock primates.

00:12:38.358 --> 00:12:40.860
Female macaques
are much smaller than males,

00:12:40.860 --> 00:12:43.096
and Summer will grow to be
over 10 pounds.

00:12:47.200 --> 00:12:49.335
For now, Summer's size
and pale skin

00:12:49.335 --> 00:12:52.438
are a signal
that she needs bodyguards.

00:12:52.438 --> 00:12:54.707
 This symbolizes
to dominant males in the group

00:12:54.707 --> 00:12:57.677
to be aware that the mom
has a youngster on her,

00:12:57.677 --> 00:12:58.478
so if it's their offspring,

00:12:58.478 --> 00:13:00.413
they'll keep a closer eye
on them.

00:13:00.413 --> 00:13:03.583
And the rest of the group
will also protect them in a way.

00:13:03.583 --> 00:13:06.586
And not so much aggression
will be displayed towards them

00:13:06.586 --> 00:13:08.521
because they've got this
youngster.

00:13:10.723 --> 00:13:13.593
Summer doesn't want
for affection,

00:13:13.593 --> 00:13:17.397
and is doted on by everyone
in this family.

00:13:17.397 --> 00:13:19.132
And she plays it
to her advantage.

00:13:20.767 --> 00:13:23.770
 She's cheeky,
she knows she's the youngest,

00:13:23.770 --> 00:13:26.506
so she'll definitely try and get
what she wants

00:13:26.506 --> 00:13:27.840
and the rest of the group
know that as well,

00:13:27.840 --> 00:13:29.509
so they're kind of like,
"Oh, you can have it."

00:13:32.278 --> 00:13:34.213
 One of the things
Summer is learning to do

00:13:34.213 --> 00:13:36.082
is forage for food,

00:13:36.082 --> 00:13:39.652
even if it's only
by watching mom.

00:13:39.652 --> 00:13:42.121
Sulawesi macaques
are fruit-lovers,

00:13:42.121 --> 00:13:46.225
but will eat grasses, insects,
birds, and here at the zoo,

00:13:46.225 --> 00:13:50.129
pellets packed with nutrients.

00:13:50.129 --> 00:13:55.501
But Summer still needs to nurse
until she's about 1-year-old.

00:13:55.501 --> 00:13:58.705
Her mom, Jasmine,
is the center of her life,

00:13:58.705 --> 00:14:02.608
and Summer clings to her
most of the time.

00:14:02.608 --> 00:14:05.778
When she lets go,
it's not for long.

00:14:05.778 --> 00:14:08.581
 If you think in the wild
that the danger

00:14:08.581 --> 00:14:11.150
coming from every angle,
so they need to be careful,

00:14:11.150 --> 00:14:13.152
and so running back to mom
is just that safety net

00:14:13.152 --> 00:14:16.723
and then mom can keep her
safe and covered.

00:14:16.723 --> 00:14:19.425
 That's just fine with mom.

00:14:19.425 --> 00:14:20.593
 Jasmine's quite a good mom,

00:14:20.593 --> 00:14:23.463
and she'll give a little bit
of freedom

00:14:23.463 --> 00:14:26.299
in the sense that the baby's
allowed to go far.

00:14:26.299 --> 00:14:30.169
But she'll always keep
a close eye on her.

00:14:30.169 --> 00:14:31.604
 Jasmine makes it clear
to the group

00:14:31.604 --> 00:14:34.674
that she's in charge of Summer.

00:14:34.674 --> 00:14:37.577
Sulawesi macaques
are constantly communicating,

00:14:37.577 --> 00:14:40.146
and have many ways to do so.

00:14:40.146 --> 00:14:45.351
They use sound,
coos and chirps and other calls.

00:14:45.351 --> 00:14:46.285
Researchers believe

00:14:46.285 --> 00:14:49.489
that the calls can mean
a number of things

00:14:49.489 --> 00:14:51.357
including "Stay away."

00:14:53.726 --> 00:14:56.696
And that even subtle gestures
can encourage cooperation.

00:14:56.696 --> 00:15:03.569
(♪♪♪)

00:15:03.569 --> 00:15:05.138
They smack their lips,

00:15:05.138 --> 00:15:07.140
which can result
in a friendly interaction

00:15:07.140 --> 00:15:08.741
between macaques
in a social group.

00:15:12.645 --> 00:15:14.714
And what looks like a yawn to us

00:15:14.714 --> 00:15:16.716
might be a way of letting
others in the group know

00:15:16.716 --> 00:15:20.353
who's boss.

00:15:20.353 --> 00:15:22.088
These macaques even communicate

00:15:22.088 --> 00:15:23.422
with the hair
on top of their heads.

00:15:28.628 --> 00:15:30.496
 The crest on the
top of their heads

00:15:30.496 --> 00:15:33.132
is more prominent in males

00:15:33.132 --> 00:15:34.734
and it's more
if they get aroused,

00:15:34.734 --> 00:15:37.103
or asserting their dominance,
they'll pull their crest up

00:15:37.103 --> 00:15:38.838
and it's more of a stance
towards the females

00:15:38.838 --> 00:15:41.774
or other dominant males.

00:15:41.774 --> 00:15:46.078
 Communication is essential
to maintain order.

00:15:46.078 --> 00:15:47.647
Macaques work in groups.

00:15:47.647 --> 00:15:49.182
They're highly social animals

00:15:49.182 --> 00:15:50.783
that rely on other members
of the group

00:15:50.783 --> 00:15:54.220
for just about everything.

00:15:54.220 --> 00:15:56.622
 You've got the dominant male
who kind of patrols the group,

00:15:56.622 --> 00:15:58.825
keeps everyone in line.

00:15:58.825 --> 00:16:00.493
If it's a big group
and there's multiple males,

00:16:00.493 --> 00:16:02.361
you've got males that work
underneath him.

00:16:04.063 --> 00:16:07.366
 In the wild groups
can have up to 90 members.

00:16:07.366 --> 00:16:09.502
This group isn't quite that big.

00:16:09.502 --> 00:16:11.571
But like wild groups,
it's mostly female.

00:16:14.540 --> 00:16:16.809
 You've got the baby,
obviously, Summer.

00:16:16.809 --> 00:16:19.812
And you've then got mom Jasmine
and you've got a few aunts.

00:16:19.812 --> 00:16:22.048
You've got Poppy
and Sophie as well.

00:16:22.048 --> 00:16:23.816
So it's quite a female group.

00:16:23.816 --> 00:16:26.619
You've got some youngsters
in there as well.

00:16:26.619 --> 00:16:30.656
 It's a small group,
but it's growing.

00:16:30.656 --> 00:16:33.092
The number of young macaques
in this family shows

00:16:33.092 --> 00:16:35.695
they're thriving.

00:16:35.695 --> 00:16:38.397
And if all goes well,
in a few years

00:16:38.397 --> 00:16:41.133
Summer will help carry on
the precious bloodline

00:16:41.133 --> 00:16:43.502
of Sulawesi macaques
at the Dudley Zoo.

00:16:48.074 --> 00:16:52.345
It's not every day you see
rhinos come to be petted,

00:16:52.345 --> 00:16:54.714
but things at the Monarto Zoo
in Southern Australia

00:16:54.714 --> 00:16:57.350
are a little different.

00:16:57.350 --> 00:17:01.387
It's the largest open-range zoo
in the country.

00:17:01.387 --> 00:17:04.490
And even though the rhinos here
roam over a large area,

00:17:04.490 --> 00:17:05.691
they still come
to their keepers,

00:17:05.691 --> 00:17:09.195
especially for a little snack.

00:17:09.195 --> 00:17:12.431
When it comes to hay
and attention,

00:17:12.431 --> 00:17:15.034
this little rhino eats it up.

00:17:15.034 --> 00:17:16.802
Her name is Tundu,

00:17:16.802 --> 00:17:20.306
which is Swahili
for 'mischievous'.

00:17:20.306 --> 00:17:23.709
 She's very curious
of lots of different things

00:17:23.709 --> 00:17:25.044
and she's very active.

00:17:25.044 --> 00:17:26.212
Although, she does have lots
of times

00:17:26.212 --> 00:17:28.814
where she does sleep
and rest,

00:17:28.814 --> 00:17:31.717
but you will see her
charging around her exhibit

00:17:31.717 --> 00:17:34.520
quite furiously.

00:17:34.520 --> 00:17:36.222
 She's only a couple
of months old

00:17:36.222 --> 00:17:38.257
and still very little,

00:17:38.257 --> 00:17:42.461
but little is a relative thing
for a rhino.

00:17:42.461 --> 00:17:46.299
A newborn can top 100 pounds.

00:17:46.299 --> 00:17:51.170
Tundu doesn't rely entirely
on hay for her nutrition,

00:17:51.170 --> 00:17:54.607
and her additional supplements
are paying off.

00:17:54.607 --> 00:17:56.309
Because at 2-1/2 months,

00:17:56.309 --> 00:17:59.512
she's already more than
200 pounds.

00:17:59.512 --> 00:18:01.580
Heavyweight for humans.

00:18:01.580 --> 00:18:05.151
A featherweight for rhinos.

00:18:05.151 --> 00:18:08.754
Her mother Umqali
weighs a ton.

00:18:08.754 --> 00:18:10.656
 I guess people are always
impressed by their size.

00:18:10.656 --> 00:18:12.725
That's one of the main things
that people, you know, say

00:18:12.725 --> 00:18:15.061
when they see the rhinos
is that they're so large

00:18:15.061 --> 00:18:16.195
and they are, you know,

00:18:16.195 --> 00:18:17.997
the males are around
just over 2 ton.

00:18:20.700 --> 00:18:26.372
 Tundu is a southern
white rhino, the largest
rhino in the world,

00:18:26.372 --> 00:18:30.509
and the biggest land animal
after elephants.

00:18:30.509 --> 00:18:34.213
Tundu and her family
are a good news story.

00:18:34.213 --> 00:18:36.582
After a century of protecting
this species,

00:18:36.582 --> 00:18:38.417
southern white rhinos
have been brought back

00:18:38.417 --> 00:18:39.752
from the edge of extinction.

00:18:42.421 --> 00:18:45.291
While Tundu appears
sweet and innocent,

00:18:45.291 --> 00:18:48.661
the adults are big
and fierce-looking.

00:18:48.661 --> 00:18:51.664
And those horns
could do some damage,

00:18:51.664 --> 00:18:55.301
they can grow up to 3-feet-long.

00:18:55.301 --> 00:18:57.470
 There's a primary horn
at the front

00:18:57.470 --> 00:19:00.072
and a little secondary horn
behind that one.

00:19:00.072 --> 00:19:03.509
They use the horn for defense
and for fighting.

00:19:03.509 --> 00:19:05.111
It's a tool for
the rhino to use.

00:19:07.546 --> 00:19:10.383
 Equip a body this size
with horns like those,

00:19:10.383 --> 00:19:13.753
and it's obvious
they don't have many predators.

00:19:13.753 --> 00:19:17.123
Nobody wants to mess with them.

00:19:17.123 --> 00:19:18.758
Their biggest predator?

00:19:18.758 --> 00:19:20.559
Us.

00:19:20.559 --> 00:19:23.529
In the wild, the horns
are their greatest defense,

00:19:23.529 --> 00:19:25.698
but when it comes to
human poachers,

00:19:25.698 --> 00:19:27.500
they're a weakness.

00:19:27.500 --> 00:19:33.072
In Asia, a single horn
can fetch up to $300,000.

00:19:33.072 --> 00:19:35.041
They're used
in traditional medicine,

00:19:35.041 --> 00:19:39.445
though scientists say they have
no medicinal benefits.

00:19:39.445 --> 00:19:42.181
Tundu doesn't have horns yet.

00:19:42.181 --> 00:19:44.550
Just a bump for now.

00:19:44.550 --> 00:19:47.319
But they'll grow in.

00:19:47.319 --> 00:19:51.657
She'll never have to worry about
poachers here at the zoo.

00:19:51.657 --> 00:19:54.126
And thanks to strong
conservation efforts,

00:19:54.126 --> 00:19:56.162
the population of wild
southern white rhinos

00:19:56.162 --> 00:20:00.499
continues to grow.

00:20:00.499 --> 00:20:01.534
You may be wondering

00:20:01.534 --> 00:20:03.302
why these are called
white rhinos

00:20:03.302 --> 00:20:06.505
when they look grey.

00:20:06.505 --> 00:20:09.708
It's because of their
wide mouths.

00:20:09.708 --> 00:20:13.579
 It was a mispronunciation
of the word 'weit'

00:20:13.579 --> 00:20:17.450
which came across in Afrikaans
as sounding 'white'.

00:20:17.450 --> 00:20:19.752
So it was taken
as the white rhino

00:20:19.752 --> 00:20:24.790
but actually it refers
to their lips, which are wide.

00:20:24.790 --> 00:20:28.727
 Those wide mouths
are like lawn mowers.

00:20:28.727 --> 00:20:31.163
White rhinos graze
the African savannahs

00:20:31.163 --> 00:20:33.132
and eat grass,

00:20:33.132 --> 00:20:36.302
like some domesticated animals
that are more familiar to us,

00:20:36.302 --> 00:20:37.336
horses.

00:20:38.737 --> 00:20:43.142
Horses are actually their
closest living cousins.

00:20:43.142 --> 00:20:45.411
They have identical
digestive systems

00:20:45.411 --> 00:20:50.382
that helps them break down
fresh cut grass, and dried hay.

00:20:50.382 --> 00:20:55.287
The rhinos at Monarto
eat almost 45 pounds a day.

00:20:55.287 --> 00:20:56.422
That's not the only thing

00:20:56.422 --> 00:20:59.191
rhinos and horses
have in common.

00:20:59.191 --> 00:21:02.328
Just watch the way
Tundu walks...

00:21:02.328 --> 00:21:05.097
...and canters.

00:21:05.097 --> 00:21:06.365
Like a little foal,

00:21:06.365 --> 00:21:10.202
she started to run
at 3-days-old.

00:21:10.202 --> 00:21:12.271
They're both light
on their feet.

00:21:12.271 --> 00:21:15.841
When it comes to rhinos,
that surprises people.

00:21:15.841 --> 00:21:17.510
 You know, they watch rhinos
move and I guess they think

00:21:17.510 --> 00:21:19.478
they're going to be
sort of slow.

00:21:19.478 --> 00:21:21.147
They can move quite quickly
when they want to.

00:21:23.582 --> 00:21:27.686
 Even rhinos' ears
are shaped like horses' ears.

00:21:27.686 --> 00:21:31.557
They're cupped to capture
and funnel sounds.

00:21:31.557 --> 00:21:33.425
Both rhinos and horses have ears

00:21:33.425 --> 00:21:36.662
that can pivot around
like a sonar dish.

00:21:36.662 --> 00:21:38.230
They hear better than they see.

00:21:41.567 --> 00:21:43.602
But a rhino's most
powerful sense

00:21:43.602 --> 00:21:47.106
is its sense of smell.

00:21:47.106 --> 00:21:49.375
So you'd think it might find
a dung heap offensive.

00:21:52.344 --> 00:21:55.414
While you and I might not
like the smell,

00:21:55.414 --> 00:21:58.784
it's how rhinos mark
their territory.

00:21:58.784 --> 00:22:01.120
This male is spraying the dung
to make it clear

00:22:01.120 --> 00:22:02.555
this patch of turf is his.

00:22:06.125 --> 00:22:09.662
Females are protective
of their territory too.

00:22:09.662 --> 00:22:12.498
The females in this group
kept watch over Umqali

00:22:12.498 --> 00:22:15.201
when she was giving birth
to Tundu.

00:22:15.201 --> 00:22:16.268
 We had a camera system
set up,

00:22:16.268 --> 00:22:19.305
so we could monitor
signs of labor and the birth

00:22:19.305 --> 00:22:21.307
and that sort of thing.

00:22:21.307 --> 00:22:23.609
We came in the morning
and there was a little surprise

00:22:23.609 --> 00:22:26.512
that was waiting in the boma
and that was Tundu.

00:22:30.849 --> 00:22:34.520
 Umqali's young daughter
has grown by leaps and bounds,

00:22:34.520 --> 00:22:38.357
but stays by her mom's side
most of the time.

00:22:38.357 --> 00:22:39.858
Mom will keep a close eye
on Tundu

00:22:39.858 --> 00:22:42.795
till she's at least three.

00:22:42.795 --> 00:22:46.131
The zoo is equally protective.

00:22:46.131 --> 00:22:48.200
With more rhinos being
poached in the wild

00:22:48.200 --> 00:22:49.635
than being born,

00:22:49.635 --> 00:22:53.405
every new rhino at the zoo
is cause for celebration.

00:22:53.405 --> 00:22:56.675
 We do use these guys a lot
as ambassadors to educate people

00:22:56.675 --> 00:23:00.045
about the plight of white rhinos
in the wild.

00:23:00.045 --> 00:23:02.114
We do even have tours
where people can come in

00:23:02.114 --> 00:23:04.583
and get up close
and meet the rhino

00:23:04.583 --> 00:23:06.585
and have that sort of
personal experience

00:23:06.585 --> 00:23:10.289
and that helps to educate
and cement the message

00:23:10.289 --> 00:23:11.390
of the white rhino.

00:23:14.593 --> 00:23:17.496
 Tundu seems to be enjoying
her role as ambassador,

00:23:17.496 --> 00:23:19.064
and all the perks
that come with it.

00:23:19.064 --> 00:23:25.704
(♪♪♪)

00:23:25.704 --> 00:23:30.476
The birth of a baby animal
is always exciting news.

00:23:30.476 --> 00:23:32.478
But when it's a species
that's endangered,

00:23:32.478 --> 00:23:35.714
it's even more precious.

00:23:35.714 --> 00:23:37.650
These babies
are mini ambassadors

00:23:37.650 --> 00:23:41.587
for conservation efforts,

00:23:41.587 --> 00:23:42.688
and they're sweet reminders

00:23:42.688 --> 00:23:45.758
of the incredible diversity
of life on our planet.

00:23:45.758 --> 00:23:55.801
(♪♪♪)

00:23:55.801 --> 00:24:00.706
(♪♪♪)

00:24:00.706 --> 00:24:13.085
(♪♪♪)